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01 • Aspects of Voltaire

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02 • Voltaire & English thought (Newton; Locke)

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03 • Voltaire & two Germans: Leibniz; Frederick II of Prussia

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04 • Candide as a picaresque conte (tale) with preceptors (Pangloss; Martin)

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05 • Pangloss teaches philosophical optimism (theodicy)

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06 • Candide’s experience of international warfare

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07 • Candide’s experience of the Lisbon earthquake-tsunami (1755)

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END OF LECTURE